Wednesday, June 20, 2012

How does source impedance affect harmonic distortion? PQM_102



If we consider an individual non-linear load such as a 6-pulse rectifier, the input harmonic current distortion is largely a function of effective source impedance. Generally speaking, the higher the total input impedance, the lower the harmonic current distortion.  However, there is a point of diminishing returns. Typical effective impedance values range from about 0.5% (corresponding to about 100% THD-i) to about 5% (corresponding to about 35% impedance). If a system had a total effective impedance of 10%, current distortion would be about 26% THD-I. But, if the impedance was due to AC reactance, then the corresponding ac voltage drop (about 10%) would be too high for this to be a practical solution. While nameplate impedance (%) is based on full rated current, effective impedance is based on actual circuit (fundamental) current.  If a 500KVA, 5% impedance transformer supplies power to a 300KVA motor drive, then although nameplate impedance states 5%, the effective impedance will be about 3% (5% times 300/500) and harmonic current distortion at full load will be about 45% THD-i.  Current distortion, as a percentage of fundamental current, will increase as load is reduced (lower effective impedance), although the rms value of harmonic current will decrease.
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