Since power factor capacitors have capacitance reactance
(ohms) that decrease as frequency increases, they will naturally offer a low
impedance path to harmonics. If the power system voltage is distorted, then
current will be driven into the capacitor, at each of the frequencies that are
present in the harmonic voltage spectrum. Additionally, the capacitance
(Farads) will combine with upstream circuit inductance (Henries) to form a
parallel tuned circuit and a series tuned circuit, each with their respective
natural resonant frequency. If harmonic voltage is present at one of these
frequencies, then harmonic resonance can cause amplification of harmonic
voltage (parallel resonance) or harmonic current (series resonance). A detuning reactor is used to prevent
harmonic resonance, by purposefully shifting the capacitor circuit resonant
frequency beneath the lowest harmonic that is present. It also restricts the
flow of harmonic current into the capacitor by increasing the capacitor circuit
impedance relative to harmonic frequencies.
Power factor capacitor systems that use detuning reactors are sometimes
referred to as anti-resonant capacitors, capacitors with harmonic blocking
reactors, or simply detuned capacitors.
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